Formula hub · Updated May 13, 2026

Lookup & Reference

Find matching values, return related records, and replace old lookup habits with clearer formulas.

Guides in this category

How to Use XLOOKUP in Excel

Use XLOOKUP to find a value in one column and return a related value from another column.

How to Use VLOOKUP

Use VLOOKUP to search the first column of a table and return a value from another column.

INDEX MATCH Formula

Use INDEX and MATCH together for flexible lookups in Excel and Google Sheets.

XLOOKUP Not Working

Fix XLOOKUP problems caused by missing matches, hidden spaces, mismatched ranges, or unsupported Excel versions.

VLOOKUP Returns Wrong Value

Fix VLOOKUP returning the wrong result because of approximate match, duplicate keys, or shifted column numbers.

Lookup the Last Match in Excel or Google Sheets

Return the last matching record from a list when the same lookup value appears multiple times.

Lookup with Multiple Criteria

Find a row by matching two or more conditions in Excel or Google Sheets.

Two-Way Lookup in Excel or Google Sheets

Use INDEX MATCH MATCH to return a value at the intersection of a matching row and column.

How to choose a formula

Start from the spreadsheet task, then choose the simplest formula that gives a maintainable answer. A report that someone else must update next month often needs clarity more than cleverness.